The 25 fastest-growing US imports

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Many items Americans use daily come from overseas—whether the clothes they wear, snacks they eat, or the materials and machinery used to construct their homes, offices, and roadways.

The U.S. imported more than $3 trillion in goods in 2023—down about 5% from the year before. Trade slowed globally in 2023 as months of interest rate hikes (intended to slow inflation) also tempered demand for goods. Despite the overall dip, the country still increased imports of some items substantially.

Machinery Partner used Census Bureau trade data to identify the 25 U.S. imports that grew the most from 2022 to 2023, out of hundreds of commodities tracked by the agency. These commodities are ranked by their one-year percent growth in import values.

Among the most common fastest-growing U.S. imports were items related to construction and manufacturing. The import values of building materials such as mortar, concrete, sand, gravel, stone, woodwork, and iron and steel pipe grew substantially from 2022 to 2023. Imports of some machinery, such as trucks, trailers, stackers, and metalworking tools also rose.

The rise of these tools and materials is perhaps unsurprising in the wake of several federal infrastructure investment initiatives. Over the past couple of years, the federal government has pumped $563.6 billion into public infrastructure projects across the country as of July 17, 2024—building and repairing roads, bridges, and ports as well as investing in clean building and manufacturing efforts. Still, some of the rise in import values can also be attributed to the sharp increase in the cost of building materials, which were elevated by global tensions, trade disputes, and supply chain disruptions.

Food items were also prevalent among the fastest-growing imports. This category was also plagued by dramatic cost inflation and production disruptions in recent years. Agricultural goods are particularly affected by the severe weather patterns that have become more frequent and intense as a result of climate change.

For instance, U.S. import values for sugarcane and sugar beets both spiked in 2023, following abnormally dry weather which weakened sugar production and escalated its trade value. The U.S. will have to import even more expensive sugar this year as harsh weather conditions in Mexico, its primary supplier, have depleted the country's harvest.

Meanwhile, some of the most common items imported to the U.S. experienced decreases in 2023. Those included oil, gas, phones, and computers. The nation has increased its own oil production in an effort to decrease its reliance on other countries. In 2024, the United States produced more crude oil than any other nation in history, according to the Energy Information Administration. The U.S. broke records for crude oil production by averaging 12.9 million barrels per day in 2023, breaking a 2019 record. It's a record that will be unmatched for some time to come, according to the EIA, given that Saudi Arabia's plans to increase production to 13 million barrels per day were nixed.

What's more, an executive order issued in March 2022 banned the import of Russian oil, gas, and coal in retaliation against Russia's war on Ukraine, eliminating a trade stream that previously brought in hundreds of thousands of oil barrels daily.

The decreases in computer and phone imports come as tensions have grown between the U.S. and China, which has traditionally served as a primary source of U.S. electronics. China was ousted as the leading source of goods imported by the U.S. in 2023, falling behind Mexico for the first time in over 20 years. The U.S. government and domestic companies have increasingly prioritized trade with closer countries—both in terms of geography and political allyship.

Product demand, inflation, climate change, and geopolitical factors are changing the dynamics of international trade. Read on to see which U.S. imports have grown most as a result.

The 25 fastest-growing US imports

#25. Aircraft engines and engine parts

Import value, 2023: $25.8 billion
One-year growth: $4.5 billion (+21.28%)

#24. Wheat

Import value, 2023: $876.4 million
One-year growth: $159.0 million (+22.17%)

Import value, 2023: $231.7 million
One-year growth: $42.1 million (+22.21%)

Machines moving stone at a quarry — Canva

#22. Other crushed and broken stone

Import value, 2023: $213.8 million
One-year growth: $39.8 million (+22.88%)

A woman looking at snacks in the store — Canva

#21. Other snack foods

Import value, 2023: $978.0 million
One-year growth: $190.4 million (+24.18%)

#20. Corn

Import value, 2023: $405.3 million
One-year growth: $81.9 million (+25.34%)

#19. Oil and gas field machinery and equipment

Import value, 2023: $1.3 billion
One-year growth: $260.8 million (+25.75%)

A rocket core being hauled — MARK FELIX/AFP /AFP // Getty Images

#18. Missile/space vehicle parts and auxiliary equipment

Import value, 2023: $165.1 million
One-year growth: $35.5 million (+27.40%)

#17. Industrial furnaces and ovens

Import value, 2023: $1.2 billion
One-year growth: $258.7 million (+28.04%)

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#16. Sugarcane

Import value, 2023: $4.3 million
One-year growth: $998,863 (+30.62%)

#15. Iron and steel pipe and tube from purchased steel

Import value, 2023: $22.7 million
One-year growth: $5.3 million (+30.81%)

#14. Rolling mill and other metalworking machinery

Import value, 2023: $1.2 billion
One-year growth: $306.6 million (+32.62%)

A scientist working with liquid in test tubes — Canva

#13. In-vitro diagnostic substance

Import value, 2023: $37.7 billion
One-year growth: $9.4 billion (+33.41%)

A trailer lined up to load cattle onto a livestock ship — Travelstock by Powerhouse // Shutterstock

#12. Cattle

Import value, 2023: $2.4 billion
One-year growth: $652.4 million (+37.09%)

#11. Motor vehicle bodies

Import value, 2023: $830.8 million
One-year growth: $233.5 million (+39.09%)

#10. Construction sand and gravel

Import value, 2023: $41.1 million
One-year growth: $11.7 million (+39.94%)

#9. Industrial trucks/tractors/trailers/stacker machinery

Import value, 2023: $9.6 billion
One-year growth: $2.8 billion (+40.48%)

#8. Goats and other fine animal hair

Import value, 2023: $12.9 million
One-year growth: $4.2 million (+48.81%)

#7. Power/distribution/specialty transformers

Import value, 2023: $6.1 billion
One-year growth: $2.0 billion (+49.74%)

#6. Custom architectural woodwork and millwork

Import value, 2023: $40.7 million
One-year growth: $13.7 million (+50.97%)

#5. Peanuts

Import value, 2023: $5.8 million
One-year growth: $2.1 million (+56.31%)

#4. Animal fats, oils, and by-products

Import value, 2023: $3.7 billion
One-year growth: $1.3 billion (+56.61%)

#3. Guided missiles and space vehicles

Import value, 2023: $14.7 million
One-year growth: $5.4 million (+58.44%)

#2. Sugar beets

Import value, 2023: $161,843
One-year growth: $92,554 (+133.58%)

A person spreading mortar on stone — Canva

#1. Wet, nonrefractory mortars and concretes

Import value, 2023: $1.8 million
One-year growth: $1.1 million (+166.02%)

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Written by: Paxtyn Merten. Story editing by Carren Jao. Additional editing by Kelly Glass. Copy editing by Tim Bruns. Photo selection by Lacy Kerrick.

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